"Bernhard" station Be-2

["Bernhard" station locations - intro]

Latest page update: February 2020 (added refs. 201X-210AD).

Previous updates: October-November 2019 (added ref. 210A-210W, added Fig. 33B, added & used ref. 179 & 252A-252C).

BERNHARD INSTALLATION BE-2 AT MT.-ST.-MICHEL-DE-BRASPARTS (France, dept. 29)

Mont-Saint-Michel-de-Brasparts is the highest point (394 ASL) of the Monts d'Arrée chain of hills in Brittany. It is also referred to as "Menez-Mikael-ar-Mor" or simply "Menez-Mikael" (sometimes spelled "Menez-Mikel") in breton - the celtic language spoken in Brittany. The "new" chapel dates from 1795. The original structure dates back to the 1670s. The site was used by celtic druids in the middle ages.

The concrete ring has been filled in, up to the top of the round building in the middle. There are still remnants of at least a dozen concrete and stone structures within a 100 m radius of the concrete ring (bunkers, barracks, storage sheds, water reservoirs, machine gun platforms, etc). Ref. 106, 226.

The 360º view from the round central building is fully unobstructed, as shown in this YouTube video clip. Also see this interactive topographic map (with Be-2 marker). The site is located about 39 km [25 miles] southeast of Brest and 27 km [17 miles] south-southwest of Morlaix.

The dismantling of Be-2 was ordered on 22 June 1944 (ref. 179).

Fig. 32: Be-2 during its construction

(© Jørgen Fastner; used with permission)

Fig. 33A: German maps marked with "Bernhard 2" for Mt-St-Michel-de-Brasparts

(source: ref. 90B (left), 90D; both used with permission; map symbols: ref. 90E)

Fig. 33B: German Luftwaffe maps marked with "Bernhard 2" for Mt-St-Michel-de-Brasparts

(source: ref. 210H (left), 210G)

The Central Interpretation Unit (C.I.U) of the British Air Ministry discovered the Bernhard-station "near Morlaix" (i.e., Mt.-St.-Michel-de-Brasparts) in RAF aerial photos taken during August and September of 1942 (ref. 172A, 174A, 252B). At the time, the installation appeared to be under construction: operating quarters had not yet been constructed (or were camouflaged or underground). The "superstructure is rotatable, as trolley wheels are visible at each end of it". A cable trench runs in the direction of 284° to a short mast "possibly for monitoring purposes". Ref. 174G. This Interpretation Report, as does ref. 252B, gives the length of the trench as about 950 ft [290 m], though in the aerial photo it is actually ca. 3000 ft [0.6 miles, 920 m]. The 3x3 m concrete mast foundation is still there (2017; see inset satellite image). The Report also overestimated the size of the concrete ring: 98 ft [30 m] instead of 74 ft [22.5 m].

Fig. 34A: Overhead RAF aerial photo no. 54 of the Mont-Saint-Michel-de-Brasparts site (24 Sept 1942)

(source: ref. 174G; dashed yellow line marks cable trench to the mast foundation; source satellite image: geoportail.gouv.fr)

Fig. 34B: Part of site layout made by British War Ministry Central Interpretation Unit (C.I.U.) - based on Sept-1942 aerial photo

(source: adapted from ref. 252B)

Fig. 35A: View of the mound with the chapel, with the concrete foundation of the remote monitoring antenna in the foreground

(source: ©2017 G. Tomezzoli; used with permission)

Fig. 35B: View of the mound with the chapel, with image of a "Bernhard" superimposed

(original unedited photo: ©2017 G. Tomezzoli; used with permission)

Fig. 36: aerial photograph of 1952

(source: ©Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN), used in accordance with IGN rules)

1 = concrete ring of "Bernhard", 2 = bunker/shelter, 3 = anchors for radio antenna guy-wires, 4 = trench, 5 = power generator bunker, 6 = water cisterns, 7 = baracks, 8 = small bunker (possibly radio), 9 = anchors for radio antenna guy-wires, 10 = ammo storage niches, 11, 13-15 = dug-out for gun/canon, 12 = small stone bunker, 16 = 17^th century chapel

Fig. 37: Satellite image of the Be-2 site (ca. 2011) - remnants from German structures marked up

(image source: geoportail.gouv.fr; markup source: ref. 106 ,106A)

In the photo below, note the transformer staiton to the right of the chapel (connected to the local public power grid), concrete foundations of German buildings to the right of the concrete "Bernhard" ring. Also note that the the four corner-blocks of the rotating "Bernhard" structure were abandoned inside the ring.

Fig. 38: Postcard of the Bernhard site Be-2 at Mont-Saint-Michel-de-Brasparts (late 1940s / early 1950s?)

(source unknown)

Fig. 39: Aerial photo of the Bernhard site at Mont-Saint-Michel-de-Brasparts, looking northeast

Fig. 40: Aerial photo of the Bernhard site at Mont-Saint-Michel-de-Brasparts, looking northeast

In 1946, the antenna installation was sold to a scrap metal trader from nearby Brest:

Fig. 41: Newspaper clipping reporting the final demolition of the Bernhard antenna installation

(source unknown, probably "Le Télégramme de Brest et de l'Ouest" regional newspaper based in Morlaix)

Fig. 42: The ring, completely filled in and covered

Circa 2013, local authorities decided to "beautify" the site. To the extent practicable, German remnants around the concrete ring have been removed or covered up. The round central building used to have a square concrete block on top of it (see photos above). This block covered the shaft opening through the center of the round concrete roof of that structure. These days, a much larger, cylindrical concrete block covers the square block (see photo below). There are no signs posted anywhere around the site, to mention its WW2 history, or even the history of the chapel...

Fig. 43: The top of the central round building, now with a large cylindrical concrete block on top of it

REFERENCES

Ref. 90:
Ref. 90A: no longer used.
Ref. 90B: pp. 21, 57, 58 in "Stations radar et radio-navigation sur le Mur de l'Atlantique - Spécial Normandie d'Antifer à Granville", Alain Chazette, Bernard Paich, Alain Destouches, Jacques Tomine, Jörg Poweleit, Michaël Svejgaard, Histoire & Fortifications, 2015, 96 pp
supplement: "Stations radar et de radio-navigation sur le Mur de l'Atlantique (complement photos)", 32 pp.
Ref. 90C: p. 161 in "Stations radar et radio-navigation sur le Mur de l'Atlantique - Volume 2 -Spécial Belgique - Nord - Pas-de-Calais - Picardie - Haute-Normandie", Alain Chazette, Bernard Paich, Pierre Nowak, Alain Destouches, Jacques Tomine, Ingrid Paindavoine, Histoire & Fortifications, 2016, 160 pp.
Ref. 90D: "Drawing of a Funk Sende Anlage Bernard 724/725 bunker", 14-March-2015 thread in Axis History Forum; used with permission.
Ref. 90E: "German Military Symbols", U.S. War Dept., General Staff, Military Intelligence Service, January 1943, 152 pp. (public domain, no ©)
Ref. 106: "La Station de Radioguidage B8 sur le Mont Saint Michel de Braspart (Bretagne - FR)", G. Tomezzoli, Ph. Dupont (used with permission of the author).
Ref. 106A: An abridged version was published in German as "Die Drehfunkfeueranlage Bernhard auf dem Mont St. Michel de Braspart (F)", G. Tomezzoli, Ph. Dupont, in "DAWA (Deutsches Atlantikwall Archiv) Nachrichten", Nr. 57, 1 Feb. 2011. See note 1
Ref. 173: copy of items in file AIR 14/3577 "Signals investigation on 27 to 35 Mc/s "Windjammer" (1943/1944)". Items are in the collection of The National Archives; material with UK Crown Copyright, used in accordance with the Open Government License [pdf].
Summary of the contents of ref. 173A-173E.
Ref. 173A: "'Windjammer" observation", by R.A. Fareday (Noise Investigation Bureau [Electronic Intelligence], N.I.B., London), dated 20^th June 1944, 1 page.
Ref. 173B: ""Possible "Windjammer" transmissions", report by Flight Lieutenant Douglas of 192 Sq., dated 16^th December 1943, 1 page.
Ref. 173C: "192 Squadron Flight report No. 215/43" by F/Lt Robinson to Squadron Leader Burtler, dated 15^th November 1943 (actual report by P/O G.F. Evans of 13^th November 1943), 6 pages.
Ref. 173D: "Windjammer – Arcachon", letter from Air Ministry A.I.4. [intelligence branch section supervising RAF Y Service] to Commanding Officer of 192 Squadron, dated 16^th July 1943, 1 page + 1 aerial photo.
Ref. 173E: "The Windjammer and Dreh-Elektra", by 192 Squadron Leader J. Whitehead, dated 18^th June 1943, 1 page.
Ref. 174: copy of items in file AIR 14/3594 ""Windjammer" station: photographs and interpretation reports. Includes vertical and low oblique aerial photographs of 'Windjammer' radar sites in Germany and France (1943/1944)". Items are in the collection of The National Archives; material with UK Crown Copyright, used in accordance with the Open Government License [pdf].
Summary of the contents of ref. 174A-174J.
Ref. 174A: Letter entitled "W/T Bergen/Belvedere" by Squadron Leader C.W. Swanell on behalf of the Group Captain commanding R.A.F. Station Medmenham to R.V. Jones (A.D.I. Science), dated 9^th April 1943, 1 page + 1 photo
Ref. 174B: Aerial photo of station "Bergen/Belvedere" [The Netherlands], photo No. 3022, taken 22^rd March 1943 by 541 Squadron
Ref. 174C: Letter entitled "W/T – Bergen/Belvedere" by Group Captain commanding R.A.F. Station Medmenham to R.V. Jones (A.D.I. Science), dated 9^th April 1943, 1 page. (note: photos referenced in letter not on file)
Ref. 174D: Letter entitled "W/T Desvres/Le Bois Julien" on behalf of Group Captain commanding R.A.F. Station Medmenham to R.V. Jones (A.D.I. Science), dated 15^th November 1942, 1 page + 2 photos.
Ref. 174E: Letter entitled "W/T: Desvres/Le Bois Julien" on behalf of Group Captain commanding R.A.F. Station Medmenham to R.V. Jones (A.D.I. Science), dated 29^th March 1943, 1 page + 1 photo.
Ref. 174F: "Interpretation Report No. G. 308" dated 28^th June 1942, of aerial photos taken over Desvres/Le-Bois-Julien at altitude of 20k ft during Sortie A/945 on 20^th June 1942, 1 page + 1 photo.
Ref. 174G: "Interpretation report No. G.590" dated 6^th October 1942, of aerial photo taken over locality Morlaix, W/T station Mt. St. Michel, at altitude of 12k ft during Sortie Q/21 on 24^th September 1942, 2 pages + 1 photo.
Ref. 174H: Letter entitled "W/T: Pouzauges/St.Michel-Mont-Mercure" on behalf of Group Captain commanding R.A.F. Station Medmenham to Squadron Leader Whitehead (A.I.4), dated 29^th March 1943, 1 page + 3 photos.
Ref. 174J: Photos No. 4065 and 4066 of station at St. Vaast / La Pernelle, taken 31^st March 1943 from off shore. [station is fully, though vaguely, visible on horizon]
Ref. 179: "Votragsnotiz", draft presenter notes addressed to the General-Nachrichtenführer (Gen-Nafü), 3 September 1944, 3 pp. Source: Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (BArch-MA, BAMA) Freiburg/Germany, (Signatur) file nr. RL 2-V/6, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016".
Covers original plans for geographic coverage (France, German Reich) with Bernhard stations, state of completion of the various Be-stations, status of introduction of the Bernhard/Bernhardine method for night-fighters (Nachtjagd).
Ref. 210: Maps (charts) with Luftnachrichten Anlagen (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations) from the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (BArch-MA, BAMA) Freiburg/Germany, used in accordance with "Erstinformation für Ihren Besuch im Bundesarchiv in Freiburg, Stand Juni 2016". Note: at the Archive, only free-hand photography is allowed (no tripod, etc.), under sub-obtimal lighting conditions. Also, most of the maps are large, are folded into A4-size (ca. 21x30 cm, ≈8x12 inch), and are not flat when unfolded...
Ref. 210A: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen im Reichsgebiet" (radio-navigation stations in the Reich), Oberkommando der Luftwaffe [OKL] - Generalnachrichtenführer 1- II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 65 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here 12 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8 "Ln. Anlagen (Karten)", Bandnr. 2, Teil 2 of "Anlage B, Teil 2: Ln. Anlagen verschiedener Art, Juni - Aug. 1944".
Bernhard stations Be-0, Be-9, B-10, Be-11, and Be-12 are marked on this map. Map size 4x5 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210B: "Bernhard"-Anlagen im Reichsgebiet"(radio-navigation stations in the Reich), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer Abt. 1/ II. Map is dated 1 July 1944. [file size: 24 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Bernhard stations Be-0, Be-6, Be-8 through Be-12, and Be-14 through Be-16 are marked on this map. Map size 5x2½ A4-size panels.
Ref. 210C: "Ln.-Anlagen Westfront" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations on the western front). Map is dated 30 August 1944. [file size: 22 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8
Bernhard station Be-6 is marked on this map. Map size 4x3 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210D: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen Ost-Raum" (radio-navigation installations, eastern area), OKL Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt.II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 44 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Komet, Zyklop, Egon, and Truhe stations. Map size 5x5 A4-size panels.
Ref. 210E: "Funk-Navigationsanlagen Westraum" (radio-navigation installations, western area), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt. II. Map is dated 15 June 1944. [file size: 83 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 10 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Bernhard stations Be-2, Be-6, Be-8, and Be-10 are marked on this map. Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Knickebein, Komet, Zyklop, Bernhard, Truhe, Erika, Y-(Kampf), Egon (Kampf), Baldur, Peildörfer, Flugsicherungshaupstellen, and Flugsichsrungszentralen.
Map size 6x5 A4-sheets (WxH). Map scale is 1:2000000.
Ref. 210F: "Funknavigationsanlagen" (radio-navigation installations), OKL - Generalnachrichtenführer 1. Abt.II Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 107 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 13 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Map covers Europe, from mid-Scandinavia down to mid-Italy. Map is marked with locations of Sonne, Zyklop, Egon, Truhe, Bernhard, Y-Kampf, Hermine, Knickebein, Komet, Erika, Flugsicherungs-Zentralen, Flugsicherungshauptstellen. Map size 7x4 A4-sheets (WxH). Map scale 1:200000.
Ref. 210G: "Flughafen-Bereichskommando (Koflug) 10/XII". Map is not dated. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 20/310.
Koflug 10/XII moved to Morlaix/Bretagne in July of 1940; it was dissolved in October of 1944.
Bernhard station Be-2 is marked on this map. Map is marked up with Korps- & Divisions-boundaries, Ln.-Anlagen, Flugwachen, Fliegerhorste, Unterstellungen, Armeekorps LXXIV & XXV; map scale 1:500000.
Ref. 210H: "Kommando des Flughafenbereiches 8/XII (Morlaix)" (Kdo FHB 8-XII). Map is dated 6 July 1944. [file size: 91 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 31 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 20/310.
Bernhard station Be-2 is marked on this map. Map covers the western half of Brittany (Bretagne). Map is marked with boundaries at Ln. Korps & Division level; Map scale 1:200000.
The original large single-sheet map (ca. 120x105 cm overall size) was divided into 4x5 separate map panels of ca. A4 size, that were glued onto a large sheet of thin gray canvas, and folded.
Ref. 210J: Map of FuMG Stellungen in Litauen [Luftwaffe radar sites in Lithuania], Oberkommando der Luftwaffe - Generalnachrichtenführer (O.K.L. Gen.Nafü), 1. Abt. (III). Map is dated 21 July 1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/6.
Flugwachkommandos, Flugmeldezentralen, Luftflottengrenzen also marked on the map. Map scale 1:2500000, Zchs.Nr. 44/46.
Ref. 210K: Map "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Rumänien" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Rumania]). Map is dated 25 August 1944. [file size: 25 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen, LVerm., Jägerleistellungen. Map size 5x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210L: Map "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Bulgarien" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Bulgaria). Map is dated 25 August 1944. [file size: 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen, LVerm., Flugsicherungshaupstellen, Jägerleistellungen. Also, 1 map panel has listing of Luftnachrichtentruppe units present in Bulgaria at that time. Map size 5x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210M: "Ln.-Anlagen im Raume Finnland - Übersichtskarte von Nord-Finnland" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Finland). [file size: 34 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 4 MB]. Map is dated 14 October 1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13/K5.
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Funknav. Anlagen Sonne, Kzw-Adcock, Luftparke, FMZ, S.u.J.-Stellen, Frontrep. Betriebe, LVerm., Flugsicherungshaupstellen, and Jägerdienste. Map markings include dates of explosive destruction or disassembly ("Sprengung", "Abbau"). Map size 3x2½ A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210N: "U ntitled map of northernmost Scandinavia". Map is not dated. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Map is marked with location of "Sonne" beacons S-20 at Andö and S-17 at Svanvik, Flugsicherungszentralen "Lofoten", "Polarmeer", nr. 11 at Kemi/Finland. Map scale 1:4000000. Map size 2x1 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210P: "Ln.-Anlagen Baltikum" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in the Baltic area). Map is dated 18 September 1944. [file size: 24 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 3 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13/K3.
Map is marked with locations of FuM, LV, and RV-Netz. Map size 2x2 A4-sheets (WxH).
Ref. 210Q: "Ln. Anlagen im Raume Griechenland" (Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations in Greece). Map is dated 30 August 1944 - 5 November 1944 [file size: 26 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 4 MB].
Map is marked with locations of FuMG, Flugsicherungszentralen, L. Verm., Luftparke, Ln. Gast., Frontrep. Betr., Rep. & Sammelstellen f. Bordfunk Geräte. Map size 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Ref. 210R: Map "Drahtlage Ost" (wired communication links, eastern area). Map is not dated. [file size: 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur RL 2-V/8.
Map is marked with line types (DK, Zuspannung, Heereslinie, Fernkabel, I-Kabel, LF-Kabel), LV, Schaltstellen. Scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210S: "I. Flugsicherungsbezirke" (air traffic control districts), OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. II. Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 91 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is is here, 11 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Colored map covers area of the southern half of Scandinavia through Greece. A seperate smal map of entire Scandinavia is attached to the back of the map (included). Map is marked with locations of Flugsicherungszentralen, Flugsicherungshauptstellen. Map scale 1:200000. Map size 5x4 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Ref. 210T: "I. Flugsicherungsbezirke" (air traffic control districts). Map is dated 1 October 1944. [file size: 17 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 2 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/13.
Black & white map covers area of the southern half of Scandinavia through Greece. Map is marked with locations of Flugsicherungs-Hauptstellen and Flugsicherungszentralen. Map size: 3x2 (WxH) A4-sheets.
Ref. 210U: "Wassermann-Einsatz und -Planung" (operational and planned Wasserman sites), Zeichgs-Nr. 44/18-1-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 76 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 8 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Wassermann (L/M/S; operational/under construction/planned by Luftflotten, proposed by O.K.L. Gen.Nafü.), Fu.MG (nachtjagdfähig), Jagdschloß, Mammut, Freya (+ An , + An & Kuh, + Kuh & Gemse, + Fahrstuhl), Würzburg (A-D, Riese, Riese + Gema Zusatz).
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210V: "Jägermeßstellungen" (radar sites for fighter intercept guidance), Zeichgs-Nr. 44/17-2-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 61 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 25 MB]. Note: this map was rather poorly folded (6x5 layers) and not flat at all, which made it hard to stitch the indiviudal partial images back together. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Egon (Gerät, Gerät + AN, Gerät + A/K), Y-Stellung, Y-Gerät (operational, under construction, planned), Tagjadgenauigkeit, Nachtjagdgenauigkeit, and also boundaries of Zusatzzahlgebiete, Jagdtrapezbegrenzung.
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210W: "Flugmeldeeinsatz- und Organisationsplanung", Zeichgs-Nr. 44/20-1-A, GKdos, OKL. Gen.-Nafü, 1. Abt. III. Map is dated 20 June 1944. [file size: 63 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/9.
Note: this map has the same background map as ref. 210V, but with some different mark-ups. Map covers area of northern Britain to northwestern Egypt. Map is marked with locations of Wassermann (L/M/S), Fu.MG (nachtjagdfähig), Mammut, Freya (+ An , + An & Gemse, + An & Kuh, + Kuh & Gemse, + Fahrstuhl), Würzburg (A-D, Riese, Riese + Gema Zusatz), and also boundaries of Zusatzzahlgebiete, Jagdtrapezbegrenzung.
Map size: 6x5 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2500000.
Ref. 210X: "Ln-Gerätestellungen im Landekopfraum" [Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations/sites]. Map is dated 24-June-1944. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/235 (frmr. RL 2-V/5).
Map is centered on Allied invasion beachheads in Normandie. Map is marked with location of LV, Fu.M.B., H-Peiler, Fu.M.G. Fu.Nav. (Y, Kn, E, Be), H.-Zug, Jägermeßstellungen, and s. & l. Funkfeuer sites. "Bernhard" stations Be-1 (Favières) and Be-4 (La Pernelle) are marked on this map.
Map size: ca. 4x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:500000.
Cover letter for the above map. Letter without subject, dated 24 June 1944, addressed to Chef Luftwaffe Führungsstab. Letter reference "Gen.Nafü. 1. Abt (I), Nr. 11 004/44 g. Kdos". Letter mentions scuttling/destruction of installations, transfer of forces from the Cotentin peninsula to Cherbourg, and numbers of German forces killed or taken prisoner.
Ref. 210Y: "Ln.-Anlagen im Bereich der Ostfront" [Luftwaffe Signal Corps installations on the eastern front]. Map is dated 9 February 1945. [file size: 103 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 21 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with locations of Fu.MG (1. Ordnung, Eisenbahn, mot.), Funknav.-Anlagen (Egon, Zyklop, Sonne, Truhe), LVermittlung, Jägerleitstellungen, and Flugsicherungszentralen (Nachtjagd) sites. Map markings include "Bernhard" stations Be-0, Be-12, and Be-15. On the back of the map's legend panel, the map title is repeated, but changed by hand to "Ln.-Anlagen im Bereich der Front" and "Bereich Reichsgebiet 9.2.45".
Map size: ca. 6x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale is not marked.
Ref. 210Z: "Flugsicherungseinheiten mit Nebenkarte Norwegen". Map is dated 1-Jan-1945, Gen.-Nafü 1/II. [file size: 61 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 11 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Scandinavia to Romania. Map is marked with location of Flugsicherungshauptstellen, abgesetzte UKW Arbeitsplätze, Flugsicherungszentralen (Fluz), and Rgt. / Abt. / Komp. sites.
Map size: ca. 4x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale is 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AA: "Flugsicherungszentralen Flugsicherungs-Hauptstellen", map covers area from The Netherlands to Hungary. Map is dated 1-January-1945, Gen.-Nafü 1/II. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map is marked with location of Flugsicherungszentralen (Fluz; Kampf & Nachtjagd), Flugsicherungs-Haupstellen, abgesetzte UKW-Arbeitsplätze.
Map size: ca. 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AB: "Drehkreuzachsen im Reichsgebiet". Map is dated 1-March-1945 with update on 22-March-1945, Gen.-Nafü. [file size: 88 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 26 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with location of "Drehkreuzachsen" lines (permanent phone lines, with wire-pairs twisted between masts), LV, LSZ, Jägermeßstellungen, Schaltstellen, TF-Verstärker.
Map size: ca. 5x3½ (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:1000000.
Ref. 210AC: "Gesamt-Drahtlage" [Complete com wire/cable map]. Map is dated 1-January-1945. [file size: 41 MB; good-but-lower-resolution file is here, 23 MB]. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL-2-V-19.
Map covers area from Denmark to Hungary. Map is marked with location of Drehkreuzachsen, Heereslinien, Fernkabel, Breitbandkabel, U-Kabel, LF-Kabel, LV, Schaltstellen, LSZ, Verstärkerämter, Betriebsstellen.
Map size: ca. 4x2 (WxH) A4-sheets. Map scale 1:2000000.
Ref. 210AD: "Begriffsbestimmungen" [definitions/terminology], Anlage (appendix) to "Der Reichsmarschall d. Großdeutschen Reiches und Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe Lw.Fü.St./Chef NVW Nr. 10 222/44 g.Kdos.(l/I) vom 28.2.44". Dated 28 february 1944. Page 6 missing from file. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/5.
Brief definition/clarifaction of the terms "Flugmeldedienst", "Flugwache" (Vollflugwache / Tagflugwache / Behelfsflugwache), "Fu.M.G.Stellung" (1. Ordung, 2. Ordnung, 3.Ordnung), Flugmeldezentrale (Stellungs-, Abschnitts-, Divisions-, Korps-, Flotten-), "Flugmelde-Bereiche" (Stellungs, - Abschnitts- (Flugmeldeabschnitt), Divisions-), "Einheiten des Flugmeldedienstes" (-Kompanie, -Abteilung-, -Regiment), "Flugmeldeauswertestelle eines Fliegerhorstes", "Florian-Netz", "Reportageverfahren", "Jägermeßdienst", "Jägermeßstellung", "Warnwache", "L.S.Warnkommando (L.S.Wako)", "L.S.Warnzentrale", "Eisenbahnflugwarnzentrale (Eflu-Wz.)", "Flugmeldposten der Flakartillerie".
Ref. 210AE: "Taktische Zeichen für die Neuorganization des Flugmeldedienstes, Eintragung der Geräteausstattung der Fu.M.G.-Stellung, Darstellung des Ausbauzustandes, Taktische Zeichen für die Neuorganization des Jägerleitdienstes" [map & org-chart symbology for the Luftwaffe Aircraft Reporting Service, standard equipment configuratins for radar sites, map & org-chart symbology for the reorganized Fighter Guidance Service], 1944, 6 pp. Source: BArch-MA/BAMA file nr. (Signatur) RL 2-V/5.
Ref. 227: "The Calibration Mast of WWII German W/T Station Be-2" [pdf], G.T. Tomezzoli, Archaeological Discovery (e-zine), Vol. 7, No. 2, April 2019, pp. 75-83, article. no. 91561, doi: 10.4236/ad.2019.72005. Accessed: 2 April 2019.
Ref. 252: "Rhubarb operations: Appendix V - German navigational beam stations. France, Holland and Belgium" [file size: 108 MB], AIR 40/1661, 142 pp., 1942 (with amendments made in 1942 and 1943), Air Ministry, Directorate of Intelligence and related bodies: Intelligence Reports and Papers, Deputy Director of Air Tactics. Document pages are not numbered. Item is in the collection of The National Archives; material with UK Crown Copyright, used in accordance with the Open Government License [pdf].
Ref. 252A: "Introduction", 10 pp. A "Rhubarb" was a routine tactical operation, in which a small number of RAF aircraft flew at low-level into France or Belgium, to strafe ground targets.This particular document covers German beam stations (Knickebein, Y, X, and "Knickebeins of a new type" = Bernhard) along the Atlantic coast of France and North Sea coast of The Netherlands. Map coordinates are provided for all targets.
Ref. 252B: "Desvres/Le Bois-Julien (Target V/18)" [ = "Bernhard" Be-3], 4 pp. (including 2 photos and 1 site/area layout map; pp. 108-111 in the complete document). Observations: circular concrete base appr. 100 ft in diameter. Hut at the center of the array. Mast some 50 ft high at 600 yards to northwest of the installation, connected by underground cable. Photos from recce sorties in March and June of 1941.
Ref. 252C: "Sizun/St Michel (Target V/24)" [ = "Bernhard" Be-2 at Mt.-St.-Michel-de-Brasparts], 3 pp. (including 1 photo and 1 site/area layout map; pp. 134-135 in the complete document). Photo from September 1942 recce sortie. Observations: circular concrete base appr. 100 ft in diameter. Hut at the center of the array. Cable trench of ca. 950 ft in westerly direction, to short mast.
Ref. 252D: "St. Vaast/La Pennelle (Target V/26)" [ = "Bernhard" Be-4], 4 pp. (including 2 photos and 1 site/area layout map; pp. 139-142 in the complete document). Observations: circular concrete base appr. 100 ft in diameter. Hut at the center of the array. Photos from recce sorties in April and September of 1942. Note: "La Pernelle" is misspelled as "La Pennelle".
Ref. 252E: "Commana (Target V/1)" [ = "Y" station ?], 4 pp. Recce sortie in July of 1941.
Ref. 252F: "La Feuillée (Target V/2)" [ = "Y" station Y8 "Friedrich"], 6 pp. Recce sortie in September of 1941.
Ref. 252G: "Lanmeur (Target V/3)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-11], 8 pp. Recce sorties in July 1940, January & September of 1941, July of 1942.
Ref. 252H: "Laye (Target V/4)" [ = "X" station X-#], 5 pp. Recce sorties in November of 1940 and September of 1941.
Ref. 252J: "Beaumont-Hague (Target V/5A)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-9], 6 pp. Recce sorties in October of 1940, March & September of 1941.
Ref. 252K: "Jobourg (Target V/5B)" [ = "Y" station Y7 "Anton"], 9 pp. Recce sorties in October of 1941, March & September of 1941, February, April, and September of 1942.
Ref. 252L: "Sortosville-en-Baumont (Target V/6)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-10], 6 pp. Recce sortie in April of 1942.
Ref. 252M: "Mt. Pincon (Target V/7)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-8], 4 pp. Recce sortie in June of 1941.
Ref. 252N: "Greny (Target V/8)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-7], 5 pp. Recce sorties in June & October of 1941.
Ref. 252P: "Mt. Violette (Target V/9)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-6], 5 pp. Recce sorties in June of 1941.
Ref. 252Q: "Mt. de la Louve (Target V/10)" [ = "X" station X-#], 8 pp. Recce sorties in May & November of 1941, August & October of 1942
Ref. 252R: "Cassel/La Croix Rouge (Target V/12)" [ = "Y" station Y2 "Berta"], 7 pp. Recce sorties in February of 1941, April & July of 1942.
Ref. 252S: "Bergen op Zoom (Target V/13)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-5], 5 pp. Recce sorties in September & October of 1941.
Ref. 252T: "Julianadorp (Target V/14)" [ = "Knickebein" station K-3], 4 pp. Recce sortie in March of 1941.
Ref. 252U: "Bayeux/Le Mesnil (Target V/15)" [ = "Elektra" station 3], 4 pp. Recce sorties in April & June of 1942.
Ref. 252V: "St. Valery-en Caux/St. Martin-aux-Bunaux (Target V/16)" [ = "Y" station Y4 "Dora"], 5 pp. Recce sorties in June of 1942.
Ref. 252W: "St. Valery-en Caux/Conteville de Palleul (Target V/17)" [ = "Y" station Y3 "Cicero"], 5 pp. Recce sorties in October 1940, May & July of 1942.
Ref. 252X: "Boulogne/Boursin (Target V/19)" [ = "Y" station Y6 "Gustav"], 4 pp. Recce sorties in April & July of 1942.
Ref. 252Y: "Petten/Groet (Target V/20)" [ = "Elektra" station E-#] Sonne-5, between Petten and Groet (just north of Groet), Dutch coast., 4 pp. Recce sorties in July of 1941, June of 1942.
Ref. 252Z: "Baumont / Hauge Town (Target V/21)", Y-type beam station, per Fig. in the Introduction.
Ref. 252AA: "St.-Pierre-Église / Dargougerie (Target V/22)" [ = "Erika" station Er-2], 4 pp. Recce sorties in June of 1940, and April of 1942.
Ref. 252AB: "Morlaix/Plougourvest (Target V/25)" [= "Elektra" station 4], 3 pp. Recce sortie in September of 1942.

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External links last checked: January 2019